Joseph E. Johnston [CS] assumes command of a reorganized Department of the West with two armies under him, Bragg's Army of Tennessee and Pemberton's Army of Mississippi
Meeting in Columbia, John C. Calhoun and the Nullification convention formulates plans to usurp federal authority. They adopt an Ordinance of Nullification declaring the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 "...null, void and no law."